Hard rock mining means techniques used for underground excavation of hard minerals. These minerals primarily contain metals like copper, nickel, lead, and important resources, like iron, silver and gold. They can even excavate diamonds using this process.
Since this technique may run too deep beneath the earth, ventilation is a must. A mining equipment, that can clear fumes from exploding and remove fumes from gasoline-based equipment, is very important. If the mine has a hot temperature, ventilation equipment may also be used to cool the workplace of the diggers. Some holes can be modified to be used as emergency escape routes. They use area ground support to prevent major failure of the ground. Support like these, are the following: Mechanical bolts (Point anchor bolts/ expansion shell bolts), Grouted bolts (such as Resin grouted rebar, Cable bolts), Friction bolts (Friction stabilizer, Swellex), and Local ground support (Welded Wire Mesh, Shotcrete, Latex Membranes).
Mines that use rubber tired equipment for ore removal, use boggers or center articulated vehicles. These equipment may be operated by diesel or electricity. Afterwards, the ore is turned into a truck that will haul it into the shallow mines. However, in deeper mines, the ore will pass the collection level. In this level, it might receive major crushing through a cone or jaw crusher. Then, it will be moved by trucks, conveyor belts and, sometimes, trains. It will then be transported to skips or buckets and emptied to bins under the head frame going to mills. Often, the major crusher feeds a conveyor belt that delivers the minerals directly to surface. It will then pass down with the use of a mining equipment accessing its body through a pass from the surface. This technique is more complicated than soft mining, yet, it gives more opportunities in finding precious minerals underneath the earth.
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